After weeks of confinement, hundreds of workers at a Chinese technology factory battled with officials and rushed through isolation barriers, a stunning collapse in the Communist Party’s efforts to prevent COVID-19 infections. Since the beginning of April, the Shanghai facility, which is owned by Taiwan’s Quanta Computer Inc. and produces devices for Apple Inc. and others, has been operating under stringent limitations. Workers surged through barriers and clashed with guards in white safety gear who tried to keep them inside, according to a video published on Twitter and YouTube. Quanta employees verified the altercation occurred Thursday evening, but the corporation...