WASHINGTON—The omnibus spending bill unveiled by lawmakers Tuesday expands a ban on Chinese-owned TikTok on federal smartphones, but tough new measures targeting the tech industry didn’t make the cut. The tech industry lobbied heavily to head off measures to establish online privacy protections, impose legal liability on social-media companies for their content and toughen antitrust rules. The industry also spent more than $100 million since the beginning of 2021 on ads opposing the legislation, much of that targeted in congressional districts.